My grandfather and his stories about communism
Me: Grandfather, how do you remember the times of communism?
Grandfather: It was a very bad period and only few people mentioned it in good. I come from Bratřejov, small village in Moravia in the Czech Republic where I was born into a working class family. In that time communists intervened in all spheres of life of ordinary people.
Me: What do you mean? In which areas of life such as?
Grandfather: At the begining of ‘50 in Czechoslovakia began to establish an agricultural cooperative (JRD). Some farmers, mostly yeomen, was voluntarily entering into an agricultural cooperative. Farmers who didn’t entered voluntarily were convincing by "úderky" (some kid of commissions) which was composed of Communist Party members, workers and officials of the National Committees. These farmers have been summoned by a local radio to Agitation centers and usually it was the local National Committee. The persuasion took several hours and it was also often repeated. Farmers, who inspite of persuading the application to agricultural cooperative didn’t sign, they were victimized and persecuted. They increased them the supplies of agricultural products and delivery of goods such as meat, milk, eggs and cereals. This was called „kontigent“- it meant that the amount and range of supplies did not correspond to climatic and soil conditions so farmers were not able to accomplish that.
Me: What happened to the peasants who were unable to produce required quantities of products?
Grandfather: They had been arrested. If they wasn’t able to accomplish it during one year period, they (communists) came and confiscated all the grafts and seeds. Among the methods of persuasion, of course, belonged the intimidation and extortion that their children won‘t be admitted to secondary and high schools, respectively those who have already studied will be disqualified.
Me: Do you have some episodes that directly touched your family and was seared to your mind?
Grandfather: Yes, I remember when I was a little boy (I was born in 1938), my father was called during the 2nd World War in Germany. In 1944 he returned home because the English have started bombard the German town where my father was and that’s why he escaped. But he had to hide constantly. I remember that several times at our home in our kitchen during night policeman sat and waited for my father, so he could arrest him.
Me: And where your father used to hide?
Grandfather: He made a hide in his father‘s loft. He built a wooden tunnel in the haystack and there could be hidden during the winter when outside was frosty. At that time a whole village and all the people was helping to each other, you could found neither a traitor or tattler who would sneak in and I think this fact saved many lives.
However, an interesting experience has your grandma who told me that their family was most marked by communism when they moved into a small village Beluša in Slovakia. She was a small girl and her parents were teachers. That time her father got the post of Director at School Beluša and her mom place of teacher there, too. One day came to school policemen and they commaned that all crucifixes hanging in classrooms across the school must be hanged down because of ban of practicing religion. Your great grandfather made it and lose out because people in the village began to revolt against him, marked him as a communist and on their house villagers smashed all their windows.
Me: If you had one sentence to summarize the period of communism...
Grandfather: It was a period when we were all equal but some were more equal. I mean that most people lived in poverty and deprivation but some had untold wealth and power.
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(Latonyavacle, 28. 3. 2018 15:00)